The Brain and Disorders
Interactive teaching collection

The Brain and Disorders

Three linked, interactive models covering mental health conditions and substance use: the chemistry at the synapse, how each kind of brain scan sees it, and the anatomy in gray and white matter. Every finding can be stepped through as typical → condition → after treatment.

1Chemistry

Synapse to Symptom

A 3D brain with neurotransmitter pathways, plus an animated synapse showing release, receptors, reuptake and where medications act.

  • Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, endocannabinoids
  • Live receptor-signal meter with before/after bars
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2Imaging methods

Scanning the Mind

Nine imaging methods, each with a schematic scan, a fact card and a chart of how much detail it captures in space and time.

  • MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, CT, EEG, MEG, fNIRS
  • Effect-size overlap curves: why scans can't diagnose
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3Anatomy

Slice by Slice

A three-plane MRI viewer (axial, sagittal, coronal) with gray matter, white matter and CSF, and structural findings for each diagnosis.

  • T1, T2 and FLAIR contrast, and tissue coloring
  • A change-from-typical map with published effect sizes
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What's covered where

Each ✓ shows what that page presents for the diagnosis.

Diagnosis1 · Synapse to Symptom2 · Scanning the Mind3 · Slice by Slice
Mental health conditions
Depression✓Serotonin synapse, SSRI✓MRI (hippocampus, ECT), fMRI, FDG-PET, EEG, fNIRS✓Hippocampus, cortex; after ECT
Anxiety (GAD)✓GABA synapse, benzodiazepine—✓Structure usually typical
Schizophrenia✓Dopamine synapse, antipsychotic✓MRI, DTI, dopamine PET, MEG✓Ventricles, hippocampus, cortex
ADHD✓Dopamine synapse, stimulant✓EEG theta/beta✓Deep gray matter, child vs. adult
PTSD✓Norepinephrine synapse✓fMRI fear circuit✓Hippocampus
Substance use
Substance use (general)✓Dopamine reward synapse✓Methamphetamine transporter PET—
Alcohol use disorder—✓DTI, CT reversible atrophy✓Ventricles, sulci, cerebellum
Cannabis · under 30✓CB1 brake, THC, tolerance✓MRI prefrontal thinning, CB1 PET✓Prefrontal cortex, hippocampus
Cannabis · over 30✓CB1 brake, blunted reward✓MRI hippocampus, CB1 PET✓Hippocampus at midlife
Cannabis · chronic heavy use✓Blunted dopamine release✓MRI, DTI (teen onset), dopamine PET✓Hippocampus, amygdala
Neurological and medical comparisons
Parkinsonism / drug-induced—✓DaTscan SPECT—
Alzheimer's disease—✓Perfusion SPECT—
Subdural hematoma—✓CT: ruling out a medical cause—

About these models. These are simplified teaching illustrations, not diagnostic tools or real patient scans. Changes are exaggerated so they can be seen, and each page gives the real published effect sizes and key references. No brain scan or chemical test currently diagnoses depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, schizophrenia or a substance use disorder on its own.