The Brain and Disorders
Interactive teaching collection

The Brain and Disorders

Three linked, interactive models covering mental health conditions and substance use: the chemistry at the synapse, how each kind of brain scan sees it, and the anatomy in gray and white matter. Every finding can be stepped through as typical → condition → after treatment.

1Chemistry

Synapse to Symptom

A 3D brain with neurotransmitter pathways, plus an animated synapse showing release, receptors, reuptake and where medications act.

  • Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate, endocannabinoids
  • Live receptor-signal meter with before/after bars
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2Imaging methods

Scanning the Mind

Nine imaging methods, each with a schematic scan, a fact card and a chart of how much detail it captures in space and time.

  • MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, CT, EEG, MEG, fNIRS
  • Effect-size overlap curves: why scans can't diagnose
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3Anatomy

Slice by Slice

A three-plane MRI viewer (axial, sagittal, coronal) with gray matter, white matter and CSF, and structural findings for each diagnosis.

  • T1, T2 and FLAIR contrast, and tissue coloring
  • A change-from-typical map with published effect sizes
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What's covered where

Each ✓ shows what that page presents for the diagnosis.

Diagnosis1 · Synapse to Symptom2 · Scanning the Mind3 · Slice by Slice
Mental health conditions
DepressionSerotonin synapse, SSRIMRI (hippocampus, ECT), fMRI, FDG-PET, EEG, fNIRSHippocampus, cortex; after ECT
Anxiety (GAD)GABA synapse, benzodiazepineStructure usually typical
SchizophreniaDopamine synapse, antipsychoticMRI, DTI, dopamine PET, MEGVentricles, hippocampus, cortex
ADHDDopamine synapse, stimulantEEG theta/betaDeep gray matter, child vs. adult
PTSDNorepinephrine synapsefMRI fear circuitHippocampus
Substance use
Substance use (general)Dopamine reward synapseMethamphetamine transporter PET
Alcohol use disorderDTI, CT reversible atrophyVentricles, sulci, cerebellum
Cannabis · under 30CB1 brake, THC, toleranceMRI prefrontal thinning, CB1 PETPrefrontal cortex, hippocampus
Cannabis · over 30CB1 brake, blunted rewardMRI hippocampus, CB1 PETHippocampus at midlife
Cannabis · chronic heavy useBlunted dopamine releaseMRI, DTI (teen onset), dopamine PETHippocampus, amygdala
Neurological and medical comparisons
Parkinsonism / drug-inducedDaTscan SPECT
Alzheimer's diseasePerfusion SPECT
Subdural hematomaCT: ruling out a medical cause

About these models. These are simplified teaching illustrations, not diagnostic tools or real patient scans. Changes are exaggerated so they can be seen, and each page gives the real published effect sizes and key references. No brain scan or chemical test currently diagnoses depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, schizophrenia or a substance use disorder on its own.